Just stumbled on this Winchester Model 1897 listing in the 1902 Sears catalog No. 112
“THE BARRELS OF OUR WINCHESTER SHOTGUNS are made from a very superior grade of steel, which has an elastic limit of 45,000 pounds.”
![[Linked Image from photos.smugmug.com]](https://photos.smugmug.com/Barrel-Evaluations/Winchester/i-ztcFHwt/0/b70097a6/XL/Sears%201902%20Winchester%201897-XL.png)
Winchester Standard Ordnance steel was very likely "cold rolled" Decarbonized steel. I have not seen a definitive report as to the source.
Buturlin's probably pre-WWI study reported the elastic limit at 39,400 and ultimate strength at 59,150 psi.
The Marlin Model 1898 Slide Action Shotgun had “Special Rolled Steel” advertised at 66,000 psi.
The Winchester Rifle listings
https://archive.org/details/catalogueno11200sear/page/300/mode/2upBarrels with an elastic strength of 40,000 to 80,000 psi; the later no doubt Winchester Nickel Steel, introduced for the Model 1894 rifle in catalog No. 55 August 1895
