Larry, re your take on U.S. military intelligence late coming up to speed, the British, desperately appealing for assistance, were sharing information long before US entry in the war, and in 1941 were working directly with US intelligence through the Canadian Sir William Stephenson's Intrepid New York office. Bletchley Park had broken German codes and ULTRA was the main reason the British were able to reduce U- Boat depredations in the Atlantic in the second half of 1941. I worked for years with the author of A Man Called Intrepid. Donovan and Stephenson were joined at the hip. It was a time when Canadian operatives were carrying out "wet operations" on New York streets. I knew one, as a friend.