buckstix,
The extractors confirm it is a centerfire, and the proof marks are post 1893. Many German cartridges of this age and caliber were based on some version of the 11.15x60R Mauser Base (MB) case and you might be lucky enough that it is actually the Mauser cartridge itself. The rim recess cut in the extractor seems to be for a thick rim, such as on a MB case also. A chamber cast may confirm the cartridge length; however, some early chambers didn't have a clear separation between case neck and chamber throat. They may have used a heeled bullet or patched bullet with the patch extending over the neck or simply depended upon obturation to expand the bullet enough to fit the grooves. At this late date, you will have to use your best guess, if your chamber is in this form and if it doesn't work, try something else. The 11.15x58R Austrian Werndel also used a MB type rim, but the head size was about 0.545", whereas the Mauser cartridge was about 0.515". This difference will show up in a chamber cast (the chamber for each cartridge will be larger than the head diameter of that cartridge, sometimes significantly larger by today's standards). Have fun.
Mike