I work on guns, build gunstocks and build musical instruments. My opinion FWIW is that I know of no glue that you can remove well and easily enough to not damage the checkered butt. Trying to remove it is almost certainly going to pull individual checkering points loose. The only removeable glue that I have ever used has been old fashioned horse hide glue which is the standard on fine instruments but it requires heat or steam. The pad could be removed but cleaning out the checkering would be a nightmare. It is extremely hard when set. That glue is used because it is removeable, but it is done with the intent of a repair or adjustment and it is always in an unfinished location for construction purposes.
I think any approach to this question is a bad idea. It is your gun and the decision is up to you. If you proceed the only method I think would yield a good fit is to lay the butt level on a thick board, carefully mark the butt shape on the board and cut out the curve. Then use the cut as a form to stack individual layers of leather as you glue them up to proper thickness. When you finish the laminations, trim it to match the stock sides, finish and glue on.
In no way do I think this could be a way to protect the checkered butt. I believe the very implementation is going to irreversibly damage it. I don't know that I have ever seen a 410 with enough LOP. I would use a leather slip on with no question.
