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"Inclusions" maybe to include slag or scale?...Geo

INclusiOn



and "Sand Holes"
Shooting: Its Appliances; Practice; and Purpose, James Dalziel Dougall, 1875
http://books.google.com/books?id=-ToCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA25&dq
The �sand-hole� is a thorough flaw; and if the barrel stand the proof at all when it exists of any size, still it cannot be quite safe, as the hole will often run in a tortuous direction for a considerable length under the surface, being, as its name imports, full of fine sand, or probably of the powder used as a flux to promote complete adhesion in welding the barrel, which has adhered to the iron, and been closed upon in the act of forging.



That's why "rough forged tubes" are proved.

And the idea that (properly fabricated) pattern welded barrels deteriorate over time related to internal corrosion/rusting has been proved to be totally bogus
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZnptAPvQIlWG5n5UU2FmKcFpYtVmOSc4b7K7G9IBs4g/edit

BTW: Remington paid a lot of $ (mostly to the class action lawyers) over manganese sulfide "stringers" in AISI 1140 Modified barrels.
Loitz vs. Remington Arms, 1990
http://law.justia.com/cases/illinois/supreme-court/1990/68367-7.html

As did Savage recently related to the Savage 10ML II (designed for use with Smokeless Powder) with Crucible 416R Chromium Stainless Steel barrels. It is alleged that catastrophic barrel failures have been the result of both a design flaw and a metallurgical flaw; manganese sulfide inclusions in the 416R
https://cases.justia.com/federal/appellate-courts/ca6/12-1475/12-1475-2013-08-09.pdf?ts=1411028258

The big $s are in oil pipeline blow-outs and planes falling from the sky, and the NDT industry and Forensic Metallurgists are pretty good at figuring out why.



http://www.wsj.com/articles/southwest-incident-linked-to-cracked-engine-blade-1473716012
Fan blade was shown to have a crack by MPI and not replaced during maintenance

Dangerous world out there and just another reason why none of us need guns...or cars...or planes

Putin?

As I recall the G grade Parker which which was "Blown Up" at about 30K PSI was badly pitted throughout the bores. The pitting was apparently not what caused it to burst, but the pressure had simply exceeded its limit. It blew between the chamber & the hole for the extractor leg, as did a similar steel barreled one at near identical pressure.

Buck Hamlin also tested both an L C Smith & Lefever (forget the grades) with badly pitted bores. Both were rechambered for 3�" shells. He began with the heaviest reload listed by Alliant using Blue Dot powder behind 2 oz of shot & went up from there. He stopped on the Smith when the gun would no longer stay bolted when shot, that rotary bolt became a "Self Opener".

He went even further with the Lefever (its simple wedge bolt in the Doll's Head stayed bolted) until he produced a bulge out where the walls had been thinned by the extended chamber. Realize of course this was a 3/4" chamber extension, not the usual �" from a 2� to a 2 3/4" chamber.

Those old Damascus barrels are just not as weak as we have been told. Most of them which have burst over the years,, "When" a proper investigation was done has been revealed were burst for some other reason than that they were made of Damascus Steel. A lot of early mis-understanding of Smokeless Powders resulted in a good number of burst barrels. Twist & Damascus barrels were high on the list for the simple reason they were the barrels in common use at that point. When these same Overloads of smokeless (from using a bulk dipper with Dense powders) were used in steel barrels they also Blew Up. The most common cause was, & still is, Barrel Obstructions.

Sherman Bell's destructive testing is referenced toward the bottom here. Any library can request back issues of DGJ
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LFnSG34k3mBhLEjEgU267wAlIa215MNVQZhIiY62Hx4/edit

Buck Hamlin�s Lefever destructive testing, courtesy of Tom Archer
http://www.doublegunshop.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=422672&page=2
Buck Hamlin was given an extremely well-used damascus barrel Lefever with a burst right barrel just past the forend tip. The barrel wall thickness at the rupture point was .010�, and the chamber was 2 5/8�.
With the intent to rupture the left barrel, Buck measured the bore diameter and started his effort with a box of 2 3/4� 1 5/8 oz. short magnums. After 25 shells the left barrel had no change in bore diameter. He then lengthened the chamber to 3�, and following 25 1 7/8 oz. magnums (lead #2 and BB) there was still no change in bore diameter.
Buck then lengthened the chamber to 3 1/2� and used 3 1/2� 2 1/4 oz. lead turkey loads. The left barrel blew after only a few shots. The wall thickness at the rupture point, which was almost aligned with the bursting point of the right side tube, also measured .010�.

jOe's results might be different

Common sense should tell you a 100 year old barrel forged with no quality control has long past it's prime.

Why let evidence and facts get in the way of firmly held emotional beliefs.

More and more jOe, you provide evidence that you are a lefty. Living' in a world ruled by your emotional reaction to people and events rather than the facts, reason and logic.

That's okay though. Maybe one day you'll get all emotional about something I say and send me a nice Scott Premier.

The study group is too large for what little evidence or fact that's offered to mean anything.



Ps....I sold my Premier.

Damn!

Joe...wasthe word Grays or Greys?
franc