Otto,
There is an article in WAIDMANNSHEIL issue46,Spring 2011,entitled 11mm Ammo and Rifles,which would answer many of your questions. If you are a member of German Gun Collectors Assn.,a copy is avaliable from them. If you are not a member, I encourage you to join.The differences in dimensions you cited are not unusual( except the length-maybe recheck) and would cause no problems with 45-70 brass. You didn't mention the rim thickness ( measure the depth of rim recess), but these are usually what we refer to as "A" base or "Mauser Base" cases. If the case is "A"base, the article describes how to modify the 45-70 rims to make the "A" base. The 16/1 is in the bore of the main part of the barrel and not the choke- the crown W mark shows the barrel is choked-usually pretty tightly.16 ga is about 16.81mm,and 16/1 is about 16.99mm ( the 16ga & 16mm is only happenstance-12ga is in 18mm range). Sometimes small marks resemble other marks and are misread, especially workmens marks. I don't usually "run myself ragged" trying to figure them out. If a barrel is made of Witten (or Krupp or other)steel, it wasn't necessarialy made by Witten. Others are more versed on this subject than I am.You didn't say what the barrel's groove diameter is. It is likely that some common bullet diameter can be used by sizing or paper patching, if not directly.BTW did you make a cast of both rifle chambers?
Mike
Last edited by Der Ami; 08/23/12 06:14 PM.