Hi 2 piper:
my question is, did Hatcher have any "proof" of his theory? If so, who did the study and who paid for it? Perhaps this was just one of his theories!
Franchi
"Theory"? Unbelievable! Hatcher wasn't espousing a theory, he was simply quoting the laws of physics, and proof abounds!
Chuck's explanation is exactly correct, and the double barreled gun itself is proof of it, although the double rifle is a better example than the shotty, because the regulation must be so much more precise. If Hatcher's "theory" was bunkum, it would be a simple matter to make an accurate double rifle - just set the barrels up perfectly parallel and it would shoot great. It doesn't work. If it did, double rifles would be much more common than they are, and a lot cheaper.
The barrels are in movement the entire time that the bullet is traversing the bore (called "barrel time"), and the recoil arc of the right barrel during barrel time isn't the same as that of the left. Worse, the arcs are not exactly opposite. The result is that the barrels are parallel in neither plane - they converge in the horizontal plane and diverge in the vertical plane - and well regulated DRs are capable of very small composite groups. They're regulated for a given bullet weight and velocity. Generally speaking, at a materially lower velocity, the barrels will shoot wide because barrel time is too long (the bullet is staying in the barrel too long during recoil movement). At a materially higher velocity they cross-fire, because barrel time is too short. It's the same with a double shotgun, but the degree of "regulation" tweaking required isn't as great.
It's just basic physics. Just get yourself a large bore double rifle, a handloading set up, and a chronograph and you can prove it to yourself.