UK proof classes chambers as either 2 1/2 or 2 3/4 - because those are the gauges that were used. There is no 'in between'.
I believe many chambers were actually about 2 5/8 - and will proof as 2 1/2, because the 2 3/4 gauge will not fit.
In the UK, the rule of thumb is that you may use a cartridge of the chamber proof length as marked - or a shorter cartridge. You should NOT use any cartridge longer than the proof marks.
If the chamber is altered in any material way (including lengthened), then the gun is deemed 'out of proof' and so reproof is required before the gun may legally be sold. In addition, shooting a gun that is 'out of proof' is almost certain to invalidate any insurance cover.