The bore is "plugged" with a plug gauge of a set size . If it enters then the pug of the next size up is tried . If this second plug with not enter then the bore is stamped at the lower size .
As a result of this some imported gun ,bored to metric sizes were stamped up at a lower size even if they were any effectively .001" under . As a result of this the proof houses plugged imported guns with an intermediate gauge and stamped to the nearest size up or down . British proofed guns were not treated like this so it was up to the submitter to bore as appropriate .
In current metric sizes in steps of .01mm or .004"it is less critical and gives a greater range of bore sizes .